Pronunciation of -ed
Rule: After voiceless consonant sounds (/p/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/): pronounce -ed as /t/. Examples: stopped /stɒpt/, walked /wɔːkt/, laughed /lɑːft/. After voiced consonant sounds and vowels (/b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /m/, /n/, /l/, /r/ + all vowels): pronounce -ed as /d/. Examples: called /kɔːld/, played /pleɪd/. After /t/ or /d/ sounds: pronounce -ed as /ɪd/. Examples: waited /ˈweɪtɪd/, needed /ˈniːdɪd/.
Rule: After voiceless consonant sounds (/p/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/): pronounce -ed as /t/. Examples: stopped /stɒpt/, walked /wɔːkt/, laughed /lɑːft/. After voiced consonant sounds and vowels (/b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /m/, /n/, /l/, /r/ + all vowels): pronounce -ed as /d/. Examples: called /kɔːld/, played /pleɪd/. After /t/ or /d/ sounds: pronounce -ed as /ɪd/. Examples: waited /ˈweɪtɪd/, needed /ˈniːdɪd/.
Practice
How is the -ed in "washed" pronounced?
Which word has the -ed pronounced /ɪd/?
Put these past tense verbs in the correct group — /t/ sound: