Linking words and phrases connect ideas within and between sentences, making writing and speech flow logically. They signal contrast, cause and effect, addition, sequence, and more. Overusing simple connectors (so, but, because) and never using formal linkers is a key feature of lower-level writing.
"Although" / "even though" / "though" introduce a subordinate clause (+ subject + verb): "Although it was raining, we went out." "However" is a sentence connector — it goes at the start of a new sentence or after a semicolon, followed by a comma: "It was raining. However, we went out." "Despite" / "in spite of" are prepositions — followed by a noun or gerund: "Despite the rain, we went out." or "Despite being tired, she kept going."
Practice
___ working long hours, she managed to maintain a good work-life balance.
The project was underfunded., the team delivered outstanding results.
Put the words in the correct order:
"Because" introduces the cause in a subordinate clause: "She resigned because she was unhappy." "Therefore" / "as a result" / "consequently" introduce the effect in a new sentence or clause: "She was unhappy. Therefore, she resigned." "Due to" / "owing to" are prepositions followed by a noun phrase: "Due to the storm, flights were cancelled." "As" and "since" (= because) are used in more formal contexts.
Practice
The event was cancelled ___ the severe weather conditions.
Traffic was heavy., they missed the start of the concert.
Put the words in the correct order:
"Furthermore" and "moreover" add a point that strengthens or extends what was just said — they are stronger than "also" or "in addition". "Furthermore, the data supports this conclusion." "Ergo" (from Latin) means therefore — it is very formal/academic. "In addition" is a softer option. "Not only… but also" adds emphasis while making both points simultaneously.
Practice
The new system saves time. ___, it reduces costs significantly.
Not only is she highly qualified,she has extensive practical experience.
Put the words in the correct order: